The evidence of creatures whose existence is uncertain is studied by cryptozoology, a science researching presumable proof of animals considered extinct or out of this world, which are still occasionally reported as seen in diverse locations. Such hypothetical creatures are usually referred as “cryptids”, a term coined by John Wall in 1983, while cryptozoology is a term attributed to the Scottish adventurer and explorer Ivan T. Sanderson, the Father of cryptozoology is regarded as Bernard Heuvelmans, who published a book using this term for the fist time in 1955. Bernard Heuvelmans believed that cryptozoology would be undertaken with scientific rigor, but keeping an open-mind to find the grains of truth behind fantastic elements in folk tales depicting fantastic unseen creatures, and that folklore and traditions are the best sources to approach these myths.

William J. Broad wrote in the New York Times, “Monster lovers take heart. Scientists argue that so much of the planet remains unexplored that new surprises are sure to show up; if not legendary beasts like the Loch Ness monster or the dinosaur-like reptile ‘Champ’ said to inhabit Lake Champlain, then animals that in their own way may be even stranger. Cryptozoologists try to unveil the mystery behind hidden creatures which all of us have heard about, but just a few have been seen very briefly that it is impossible to determine where the truth ends, but usually is where the myth begins.

Mokele Mbembe

The Loch Ness monster (Nessie), Mothman, the Abominable Snowman, and Chupacabras, are just a few of those creatures whose existence is not clear, and there is not enough proof whether to confirm or deny the legitimacy of reports made by witnesses who have seen them. Skepticism is prevalent among scientists, despite the fact that many cryptozoologists are also respected scientists in other fields, who have found vestiges of previously unknown animals, but still cannot find the missing proof of creatures seen during the last two centuries.

Anyway, notable cryptozoologists have contributed actively with their research, including Bigfoot researchers Erik Beckjord, Peter Byrne, René Dahinden, Paul Freeman, Cliff Crook and John Green. Loch Ness Monster researchers Tim Dinsdale, Fredrick William Holiday, Roy Mackal, and Peter Scott, and Cadborosaurus researcher Paul LeBlond, Chupacabra researcher Scott Corrales, Mothman researcher John Keel, Champ researcher Joseph W. Zarzynski, Jonathan Downes, founder of Centre for Fortean Zoology, and John Kirk, president of the British Columbia Scientific Cryptozoology Club, among many other scientists and researchers.

Cryptozoologists have found over a hundred creatures, whose existence is not confirmed, including the Winnipogo, Yeti, Kongamato, Igopogo, Globsters, Congo Peacock, Abogwe, Giant Anaconda, Minnesota Iceman, Mokele-mbembe, besides the widespread creatures mentioned above. In addition, researches have found dozen of different lake monsters, the Mountain Gorilla, Discovered in October 1902 by Belgian Army, the Kouprey and the Komodo Dragon discovered in 1937 and 1912 respectively, and the unbelievable Goblin universe.

There is a website that describes this and numerous other creatures of Cryptozoology in detail. The website is called: Unknown Creatures, and may be found at this address:

http://www.unknown-creatures.com

By Robert W. Benjamin

Copyright © 2006

Cryptozoology – The Evidence of Creatures Whose Existence is Uncertain
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Robert W. Benjamin has been in the software business on the internet for over 5 years, and has been producing low-cost software for the past 25+ years. He first released software on the AMIGA and C64 computer systems in the late 1970′s-80′s.

RB59 Software

http://www.rb59.com/software

In Africa, river dragons or river monsters are not that uncommon. Sightings of these creatures are quite often, and are already rooted in oral tradition. In fact, there are already four different names for creatures of the swamp found scattered all across Africa; there is the Mokèlé-mbèmbé found in Congo, Chipekwe found in Zimbabwe, the Isiququmadevu in Northern Angola, and of course, the Ninki Nanka, which is a river dragon found in Gambia.

They might be scattered all over Africa but they do have the same basic appearance. Essentially, these river dragons are the loch ness monster’s African counterpart. They also have the same long neck features, huge size and the horse-like head. But the Gambian dragon does have some very special features that make it quite unique among its African brothers.

Mokele Mbembe

Although there is a general idea of how people imagine these creatures to look like, there is no definite image or sketch that truly depicts them and so, there is still no concrete idea of what they look like. But there is a way to get a rough estimation, through the testimonials of the different witnesses. For the Ninki Nanka, it has some unusual features that separate it from the others and make it something very interesting.

First of all, this creature is often described to have the body of a komodo dragon or a crocodile only it is much, much bigger (the size of the creature ranges from 30 feet to 50 feet) and it comes complete with a scaly, leathery body. To go with this body, it is also said to have the neck of a giraffe, and the head of a horse. This horse head is typically described to have three horns, one on each side of the head, and another one right in the middle of the forehead.

For the people of Gambia, the Ninki Nanka is taken very seriously. First of all, people usually avoid the rivers and mangrove swamps in the area (especially if a dragon devil had been spotted there) since the Ninki Nanka usually go out at night to eat everything in its path. It is also believed that the whirlpools seen in these rivers are caused by the dragons.

Certainly, this is one fearsome looking (and acting) creature that is very hard to spot. The secretive nature is compounded by the fact that people in Gambia are advised not to speak about seeing the Ninki Nanka, for fear of a gruesome death. This only adds to the mystery and frightening nature of these creatures.

Ninki Nanka – The Dragon Devil
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There is a website that describes the Ninki Nanka and numerous other creatures of Cryptozoology in detail, this website is called: Unknown Creatures and it may be found at this url: http://www.unknown-creatures.com

You may publish this article in your ezine, newsletter or on your web site as long as it is reprinted in its entirety and without modification except for formatting needs or grammar corrections.

Robert W. Benjamin has been in the software business since the 1970′s on the C64, AMIGA, and WINDOWS Computer Systems. He has won magazine awards for the ‘Game of the Month’, and more, in several European computer magazines.

Unknown Creatures http://www.unknown-creatures.com